Greinar
Glærur til upprifjunar
Hér fyrir neðan má finna skjáskot af einkennafyrirlestri Maritafræðslunnar á foreldrafyrirlestrum.
Mikilvægt er að hafa í huga að eitt einkenni, ein vísbending er ekki endilega sönnun þess að einstaklingur sé í neyslu. Best er ef hægt er að finna 2-3 einkenni og tengja þau saman.
Úr kannabisplöntunni hafa, í gegnum tíðina, aðallega verið unnar 3 gerðir af vímugjafa. Þessar 3 gerðir eru hass, hassolía og marijúana.
Nú í seinni tíð hefur verið framleitt meira og meira af sælgæti-matvælum sem hafa innihaldið vímugjafann THC. Þetta á sérstaklega við um þau fylki Bandaríkjanna þar sem almenn neysla hefur verið leyfð.
Smelltu hér, eða á myndina til þess að sjá frétt um lagasetningu í Colarado um skyldu-merkingar á svona vörum.
Kannabisplantan hefur breyst töluvert, bæði í styrkleika af því efni sem hefur hugbreytandi áhrif á mannsheilann, THC og líka í útliti.
Hér má sjá þurran blómatopp og til þess að mylja blómatoppinn niður, svo hægt sé að vefja í sígarettu er notuð kvörn.
Hér er mynd af svonefndum kvörnum sem eru notaðar til þess að mylja þurrkaða blómatoppa nútíma kannabisplöntu.
Hér má sjá blómatoppa, eða bödda eins og þeir eru stundum kallaðir.
Hvað kostar marijuana á Íslandi?
Eitt gramm af marijúna dugar í 4 marijúna-sígarettur, eða jónur, ef tóbak er blandað með, eins og sést gert á mynd hér neðar.
Ein marijúana-sígaretta getur dugað til að setja 5 einstaklinga í vímuástand á "fikt"-tímabilinu.
Hér fyrir neðan má sjá lista af mögulegum "götunöfnum" á kannabisefnum. Þetta er engan veginn tæmandi listi heldur aðeins hugsað til að gefa sýnishorn af því sem hefur verið notað sem götunöfn. Þetta mætti líka kalla leyninöfn því hugmyndin á bak við nöfnin er ekki bara að nota nöfnin sem tíðkast á hverjum tíma heldur líka að leyna því hvað átt er við t.d. fyrir foreldrum.
Hugmyndir um útlitseinkenni sem gætu bent til neyslu kannabisefna.
Rauðeygður einstaklingur, með stóran augastein, gæti mögulega hafa verið að reykja kannabis. Oft eru augndropar notaðir til þess að fríska upp á augun.
Sýnishorn um fatnað sem annað hvort er skeyttur laufblaði af kannabisplöntu eða í litum rastafari trúar.
Smelltu hér,eða á myndina til að sjá betur hvað átt er við.
Þessi hárstíll kallast dreadlocks eða dreddar á íslensku. Rastafari trúin tileinkaði sér þennan hárstíl. Margir einstaklingar eru með "dredda" ÁN ÞESS að þeir séu að nota kannabisefni, en það eru mjög margir sem nota kannabis með þessa hárgreiðslu.
Smelltu hér, eða á myndina til þess að sjá betur hvað við er átt.
Vigt eða vog er notuð til þess að búa til söluskammta.
Ef sígarettubréf finnast sem eru tómar þ.e. það er búið að fjarlægja tóbakið þá er það mögulegt að tóbakið hafi verið notað til íblöndunnar í marijuana-sígarettu.
Hér má sjá einstakling vera að búa til jónu, marijúana sígarettu. Þetta er kallað "að malla".
Álpappír, beyglaðar dósir, beyglaðar plastflöskur, afskornar 2 l. gosflöskur, rennilása plastpokar og sviðinn pappír gæti tengst kannabisreykingum.
Hér má sjá það sem heitir vaporizer á ensku, en þetta eru gufupípur eða rafmagnspípur.
Þetta kallast bong eða vatnspípur.
Ávaxtatóbakspípur.
Reglulegar úttektir af bankareikningi gætu verið vísbending, sérstaklega ef um sömu upphæðir er að ræða.
Aukasími gæti verið sölusími.
Það eru til þvagprufupróf með leiðbeiningum á íslensku. Þau fást gjarnan í apótekum.
Mikilvægt er að vera viðstaddur þegar pissað er í þvagprufuglas, ef grunur er um vímugjafaneyslu, vegna þess að það er mjög lítið mál að skemma þvagprufur. Þess vegna er best að horfa á þegar pissað er.
Hér má sjá mynd af nokkrum tegundum gervi-kannabisefna. Þessi gerviefni, eða kemísku efni mælast ekki á þvagprufum og geta verið lífshættuleg.
Hugsanlega hættuleg samskipta"öpp"
Árið 2013, var 12 ára stúlka lokkuð frá heimi sínu af 21 árs gömlum manni. Þegar þau hittust, þá tældi hann stúlkuna með sér á Mótel og misnotaði hana. Hvernig kynntist þessi barnunga stúlka þessum hræðilega ókunnuga manni?
Í gegnum "app" sem kallast Whisper á sjallsímanum hennar (já, sem foreldrar hennar gáfu henni). Whisper er eitt af mörgum hættulegum smáforritum "öppum"sem allir foreldrar ættu að þekkja og vera meðvitaðir um hætturnar sem þeim geta fylgt.
Sannleikurinn
"Slæma fólkið" geta nálgast börnin okkar á meðan þau eru inn í herberginu sínu og við foreldrarnir í næsta rými. Eina sem þarf til er sjalltæki tengt internetinu. En þeir sem ætla sér að misnota barn á einhvern hátt er ekki eina hættan sem fylgir þessum tækjum. Þar fer líka fram net-einelti og efni sem börn ættu alls ekki sjá eins og klám og ofbeldi. Stöðugt er verið að búa til ný smáforrit "öpp" og þess vegna er mjög mikilvægt fyrir forledra að fylgjast með hvaða forrit þau eru að hlaða niður hverju sinni og vita hvaða hættu gætu fylgt.
Hér er nýlegur listi fyrir forelda að skoða og ræða við börnin sín um:
Whisper - er forrit sem leyfir hverjum sem er að birta leyndarmál sín nafnlaust og leyfir spjall við alla sem búa í næsta nágrenni, án þess að viðkomandi þurfi að segja hver hann/hún er.
Af hverju gæti forritið verið hættulegt: Mögum börnum/unglingum finnst spennandi að eiga í samskiptum við ókunnuga og eru að leita eftir því að spjalla við jafnaldra sem þau þekkja ekki og halda að leyndarmál sín séu örugg hjá þeim frekar en vinum og kunningjum. Þetta "app" er tilvalið fyrir þá sem eru að leitast eftir að misnota börn/unglinga sem eru í næsta nágrenni við það og það er mjög auðvelt að "dulbúast" sem einhver jafnaldri.
YikYak - Allir sem nota YikYak eru nafnlausir og geta birt athugasemdir til allt að 500 manns sem eru með sama forrit (og eru í 1-5 mílna radíus). Haft var eftir sálfræðingi að þetta væri eitt hættulegasta smáforrit sem hann hefði nokkurn tímann séð af því að “það gæti breytt skóla í sýndarveruleika spjall herbergi þar sem allir gætu birt skoðanir sínar og athugasemdir nafnlaust. "Komment" sem væru ósönn, illgjörn, skemmandi fyrir einstaklinga. Stutt skilaboð sem allir sjá um leið og þau birtast í nánasta umhverfi.
Af hverju gæti forritið verið hættulegt: This app is causing problems in schools across the United States, with students maliciously slandering teacher, staff, and other students. In fact, several schools have now banned smart phones from campus because of this particular app.
Kik - A free app-based alternative texting service that allows texts/pictures to be sent without being logged in the phone history. (Similar apps: Viber, WhatsApp, TextNow)
Why It’s Dangerous – Makes it easier for your child to talk to strangers without your knowledge since it bypasses the wireless providers’ short message services (SMS). Children also think they can “sext” without parents finding out. In addition, strangers can send your child a “friend request.”
Snapchat – Allows you to capture an image or video and make it available to a recipient for a specific time. After that time limit is up, the picture/video automatically disappears forever…or so Snapchat claims. (Similar apps: Poke, Wire, and Wickr)
Why It’s Dangerous – Kids can receive (or send ) sexually inappropriate photos. This app also makes kids feel like they can “sext” or send inappropriate pictures without consequences because the image will self-destruct automatically. The truth is that nothing sent over the internet disappears. There are always ways to retrieve and capture those images.
Vine – Allows users to watch and post six second videos.
Why It’s Dangerous –While many of the videos are harmless, porn videos do pop up into the feed, exposing your children to sexually explicit material. You can also easily search for/access porn videos on this app. Predators utilize this app to search for teens and find their location. Then they try to connect with them via other messaging apps.
ChatRoulette and Omegle– These apps allow you to video chat with strangers.
Why It’s Dangerous – Not only are users chatting with strangers, they could be chatting with a fake stranger. “Chat sites like Chatroulette and Omegle have done their best to produce systems that warns users when the people they are chatting to are potentially using fake webcam software, however developers still manage to slip under their radars with frequent updates.” So a fifty-year-old man could set up a fake webcam and use images from a 15-year-old boy that looks like a teen celebrity to convince your child to send inappropriate pictures or get information about your child’s location.
Tinder – Users post pictures and scroll through the images of other users. When they think someone is attractive they can “flag” the image. If that person has also “flagged” them in return, the app allows you to contact them.
Why It’s Dangerous – This app, and similar apps such as Down, Skout, Pure, and Blendr, are primarily used for hooking up.
Poof – Hides other apps on your phone. You select which apps you would like to hide and their icons will no longer show up on your smartphone screen.
Why It’s Dangerous – If children have apps that they want to keep hidden from their parents, all they have to do is download this app and “poof,” their screen is clear of any questionable apps. So, if you see the poof app on their phone, you may want to ask them what they are hiding.
What Now?
Remember, your child’s safety is more important than their privacy. As a parent, you aren’t being nosy by checking their cell phone on a regular basis; you are being responsible. Perhaps your family could establish family media rules, such as having to check with a parent before downloading a new app or game. Having a common charging area so you can easily check phones could also be a good system for your family.
Also, take the time to explain to them (at an age-appropriate level) why you are asking them questions and checking their phone and privacy settings. Many children do not realize just how much information they are putting out there and how dangerous it can be.
If you have an older teen, and find some questionable apps on their phone, it may be a good opportunity for a discussion. Here are a few conversation starter ideas:
Conversation starter for YikYak– What kind of things would a person want to post anonymously? How would you personally use this app? What would you post anonymously? Why?
Conversation starter for SnapChat – Why do you want to send pictures that disappear? Would you be okay with anyone seeing that pic?
Conversation starter for Whisper – Why would you tell your secrets to strangers? If you are struggling with something, will a stranger care or be able to help you? Do you think it would be safe to accept their help/friendship?
Conversation starter for any app – Are you being safe with that app? Are you encouraging others or tearing them down? Are you being bullied? Are you putting out too much information about yourself?
http://www.crosswalk.com/family/parenting/kids/9-most-dangerous-apps-for-kids.html
Góð ráð til að bæta samskiptin
Be available for your children
Let your kids know you're listening
Respond in a way your children will hear
Remember:
Parenting is hard work
Varhugaverðar vefsíður og öpp
15 "öpp" og vefsíður sem vert er að hafa auga með
(er í vinnslu við að þýða lauslega af síðunni common sense media)
Samskiptasíður og "öpp" sem gera unglingum kleift að senda skilaboð, spjalla, "hitta" aðra og deila myndum og myndböndum.
Foreldrar þurfa ekki að þekkja þessar síður nákvæmlega sem eru "vinsælastar" þessa stundina hjá börnunum sínum.
En það er gott að vita það helsta, eins og, af hverju þær eru vinsælar, og hvaða vandamál gætu komið upp við notkun þeirra ef þær eru ekki notaðar skynsamlega.
Slík vitneskja getur haft áhrif á hvort barnið fær jákvæða eða neikvæða reynslu af síðunni.
Það er á okkar ábyrgð að vera upplýst og kenna börnunum á samskiptasíður, alveg eins og að kenna þeim önnur samskipti.
Kik Messenger
is an app that lets kids text for free. It's fast and has no message limits, character limits, or fees if you only use the basic features. Because it's an app, the texts won't show up on your kid's phone's messaging service, and you're not charged for them (beyond standard data rates).
What parents need to know
It's loaded with ads and in-app-purchases. Kik specializes in "promoted chats" -- basically, conversations between brands and users. It also offers specially designed apps (accessible only through the main app), many of which offer products for sale.
There's some stranger danger. An app named OinkText, linked to Kik, allows communication with strangers who share their Kik usernames to find people to chat with. There's also a Kik community blog where users can submit photos of themselves and screenshots of messages (sometimes displaying users' full names) to contests.
ooVoo is a free video, voice, and messaging app. Users can have group chats with up to 12 people for free -- and it's common for kids to log on after school and keep it open while doing homework. Maybe they're using it for group study sessions?
What parents need to know
You can only chat with approved friends. Users can only communicate with those on their approved contact lists, which can help ease parents' safety concerns.
It can be distracting. Because the service makes video chatting so affordable and accessible, it also can be addicting. A conversation with your kids about multitasking may be in order.
WhatsApp lets users send text messages, audio messages, videos, and photos to one or many people with no message limits or fees.
What parents need to know
It's for users 16 and over. Lots of younger teens seem to be using the app, but this age minimum has been set by WhatsApp.
It can be pushy. After you sign up, it automatically connects you to all the people in your address book who also are using WhatsApp. It also encourages you to add friends who haven't signed up yet.
Micro-blogging apps and sites
Instagram lets users snap, edit, and share photos and 15-second videos, either publicly or with a private network of followers. It unites the most popular features of social media sites: sharing, seeing, and commenting on photos. It also lets you apply fun filters and effects to your photos, making them look high quality and artistic.
What parents need to know
Teens are on the lookout for "likes." Similar to the way they use Facebook, teens may measure the "success" of their photos -- even their self-worth -- by the number of likes or comments they receive. Posting a photo or video can be problematic if teens post it to validate their popularity.
Public photos are the default. Photos and videos shared on Instagram are public unless privacy settings are adjusted. Hashtags and location information can make photos even more visible to communities beyond a teen's followers if his or her account is public.
Private messaging is now an option. Instagram Direct allows users to send "private messages" to up to 15 mutual friends. These pictures don't show up on their public feeds. Although there's nothing wrong with group chats, kids may be more likely to share inappropriate stuff with their inner circles.
Tumblr is like a cross between a blog and Twitter: It's a streaming scrapbook of text, photos, and/or videos and audio clips. Users create and follow short blogs, or "tumblelogs," that can be seen by anyone online (if made public). Many teens have tumblelogs for personal use: sharing photos, videos, musings, and things they find funny with their friends.
What parents need to know
Porn is easy to find. This online hangout is hip and creative but sometimes raunchy. Pornographic images and videos and depictions of violence, self-harm, drug use, and offensive language are easily searchable.
Privacy can be guarded but only through an awkward workaround. The first profile a member creates is public and viewable by anyone on the Internet. Members who desire full privacy have to create a second profile, which they're able to password-protect.
Posts are often copied and shared. Reblogging on Tumblr is similar to re-tweeting: A post is reblogged from one tumblelog to another. Many teens like -- and, in fact, want -- their posts reblogged. But do you really want your kids' words and photos on someone else's page?
Twitter is a microblogging site that allows users to post brief, 140-character messages -- called "tweets" -- and follow other users' activities. It's not only for adults; teens like using it to share tidbits and keep up with news and celebrities.
What parents need to know
Public tweets are the norm for teens. Though you can choose to keep your tweets private, most teens report having public accounts (Pew Internet & American Life Project, 2013). Talk to your kids about what they post and how a post can spread far and fast.
Updates appear immediately. Even though you can remove tweets, your followers can still read what you wrote until it's gone. This can get kids in trouble if they say something in the heat of the moment.
Vine is a social media app that lets users post and watch looping six-second video clips. This Twitter-owned service has developed a unique community of people who post videos that are often creative, funny, and sometimes thought-provoking. Teens usually use Vine to create and share silly videos of themselves and/or their friends and families.
What parents need to know
It's full of inappropriate videos. In three minutes of random searching, we came across a clip full of full-frontal male nudity, a woman in a fishnet shirt with her breasts exposed, and people blowing marijuana smoke into each other's mouths.
There are significant privacy concerns. The videos you post, the accounts you follow, and the comments you make on videos all are public by default. But you can adjust your settings to protect your posts; only followers will see them, and you have to approve new followers.
Parents can be star performers (without their knowledge). If your teens film you being goofy or silly, you may want to talk about whether they plan to share it.
Self-Destructing/Secret apps
Burn Note is a messaging app that erases messages after a set period of time. Unlike many other apps of this sort, it limits itself to text messages; users cannot send pictures or video. That may reduce issues such as sexting -- but words can hurt, too.
What parents need to know
It allows kids to communicate covertly. To discourage copying and taking screenshots, a spotlight-like system that recipients direct with a finger (or the mouse) only reveals a portion of the message at a time.
It may encourage risky sharing. The company claims that its "Multi-Device Deletion" system can delete a message from anywhere: the device it was sent from, the device it was sent to, and its own servers. But it's wise to be skeptical of this claim.
You don't have to have the app to receive a Burn Note. Unlike other apps -- for example, Snapchat -- users can send a Burn Note to anyone, not only others who have the program.
Snapchat is a messaging app that lets users put a time limit on the pictures and videos they send before they disappear. Most teens use the app to share goofy or embarrassing photos without the risk of them going public. However, there are lots of opportunities to use it in other ways.
What parents need to know
It's a myth that Snapchats go away forever. Data is data: Whenever an image is sent, it never truly goes away. (For example, the person on the receiving end can take a screenshot of the image before it disappears.) Snapchats can even be recovered. After a major hack in December 2013 and a settlement with the FTC, Snapchat has clarified its privacy policy, but teens should stay wary.
It can make sexting seem OK. The seemingly risk-free messaging might encourage users to share pictures containing sexy images.
Whisper is a social "confessional" app that allows users to post whatever's on their minds, paired with an image. With all the emotions running through teens, anonymous outlets give them the freedom to share their feelings without fear of judgment.
What parents need to know
Whispers are often sexual in nature. Some users use the app to try to hook up with people nearby, while others post "confessions" of desire. Lots of eye-catching nearly nude pics accompany these shared secrets.
Content can be dark. People normally don't confess sunshine and rainbows; common Whisper topics include insecurity, depression, substance abuse, and various lies told to employers and teachers.
Although it's anonymous to start, it may not stay that way. The app encourages users to exchange personal information in the "Meet Up" section.
Yik Yak is a free social-networking app that lets users post brief, Twitter-like comments to the 500 geographically nearest Yik Yak users. Kids can find out opinions, secrets, rumors, and more. Plus, they'll get the bonus thrill of knowing all these have come from a 1.5-mile radius (maybe even from the kids at the desks in front of them!).
What parents need to know
It reveals your location. By default, your exact location is shown unless you toggle location-sharing off. Each time you open the app, GPS updates your location.
It's a mixed bag of trouble. This app has it all: cyberbullying, explicit sexual content, unintended location-sharing, and exposure to explicit information about drugs and alcohol.
Some schools have banned access. Some teens have used the app to threaten others, causing school lockdowns and more. Its gossipy and sometimes cruel nature can be toxic to a high school environment, so administrators are cracking down.
Chatting, Meeting, Dating apps and sites
MeetMe Chat and Meet New People," says it all. Although not marketed as a dating app, MeetMe does have a "Match" feature whereby users can "secretly admire" others, and its large user base means fast-paced communication and guaranteed attention.
What parents need to know
It's an open network. Users can chat with whomever's online, as well as search locally, opening the door for potential trouble.
Lots of details are required. First and last name, age, and ZIP code are requested at registration, or you can log in using a Facebook account. The app also asks permission to use location services on your teens' mobile devices, meaning they can find the closest matches wherever they go.
Omegle is a chat site (and app) that puts two strangers together in their choice of a text chat or video chat room. Being anonymous can be very attractive to teens, and Omegle provides a no-fuss opportunity to make connections. Its "interest boxes" also let users filter potential chat partners by shared interests.
What parents need to know
Users get paired up with strangers. That's the whole premise of the app. And there's no registration required.
This is not an app for kids and teens. Omegle is filled with people searching for sexual chat. Some prefer to do so live. Others offer links to porn sites.
Language is a big issue. Since the chats are anonymous, they're often much more explicit than those with an identifiable user might be.
Skout is a flirting app that allows users to sign up as teens or adults. They're then placed in the appropriate peer group, where they can post to a feed, comment on others' posts, add pictures, and chat. They'll get notifications when other users near their geographic area join, and they can search other areas by cashing in points. They receive notifications when someone "checks" them out but must pay points to see who it is.
What parents need to know
Skout is actually OK for teens if used appropriately. If your teens are going to use a dating app, Skout is probably the safest choice, if only because it has a teens-only section that seems to be moderated reasonably well.
There's no age verification. This makes it easy for a teen to say she's older than 18 and an adult to say she's younger.
Tinder is a photo and messaging dating app for browsing pictures of potential matches within a certain-mile radius of the user's location. It's very popular with 20-somethings as a way to meet new people for casual or long-term relationships.
What parents need to know
It's all about swipes. You swipe right to "like" a photo or left to "pass." If a person whose photo you "liked" swipes "like" on your photo, too, the app allows you to message each other. Meeting up (and possibly hooking up) is pretty much the goal.
It's location-based. Geolocation means it's possible for teens to meet up with nearby people, which can be very dangerous.
The bottom line for most of these tools? If teens are using them respectfully, appropriately, and with a little parental guidance, they should be fine. Take inventory of your kids' apps and review the best practices.